LA MANO QUE MUEVE LOS MEDIOS

Carvajal, Ojo de Mar

A nivel mundial, la derecha se ha organizado e invertido mucho dinero para imponer tendencias en las redes sociales, observa Marina Taibo. Igual levanta un hashtag de odio contra Andrés Manuel López Obrador con bots que ni siquiera están en México, que se va contra las mujeres, los trans o la ley que despenaliza el aborto en Argentina
¿Cómo funciona esta red enorme y quién está detrás financiando estas operaciones?, pregunta Taibo al activista español Julián Macías, quien acompañado del periodista mexicano Juan Becerra Acosta impartió la charla ‘La mano que mueve los medios’, en la Feria del Libro del Zócalo el domingo 17 de octubre de 2021 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v58vYkc_DPQ&t=133s), como parte de las actividades que la Brigada para Leer en Libertad organizó en el foro Francisco Haghenbeck.
Para Macías –responsable de redes en el partido Podemos y administrador del canal de Telegram, Pandemia Digital–, el tema es largo y complicado de contar. Mas, para no caer en teorías conspiracionistas que nos lleven a ponernos un gorro de papel aluminio a fin de evitar que nuestros pensamientos sean escuchados por extraterrestres, Julián explica el fenómeno con dos de los grandes escándalos conocidos en las redes sociales:
Uno es el que produjo la archiconocida campaña de Cambridge Analytica, empresa subsidiaria de la casa matriz Strategic Communication Laboratories (SCL) con más de 20 años trabajando con los servicios de inteligencia de los Estados Unidos, en concreto el Pentágono y la CIA. Edward Snowden y Julian Assange llevan años informando del uso que hace SCL de nuestros datos, cómo nos espía.
Cambridge Analytica usó el algoritmo para hacer llegar a los usuarios de las redes sociales en el Reino Unido, con base en los datos que ellos mismos ofrecían en sus conversaciones, búsquedas y hábitos de consumo, información que reforzaba las ideas que el internauta tenía respecto a la posible salida de Gran Bretaña de la Unión Europea, el Brexit que se votó en 2016. Una operación similar se desarrolló en Estados Unidos para reforzar la viabilidad de triunfo de Donald Trump, electo en 2017.
Cambridge Analytica fue una iniciativa de Steve Bannon y Robert Mercer. Bannon, quien fue asesor de Donald Trump, integró una red internacional de odio y mentiras mediante el uso de bots y gracias al acceso directo a los dirigentes de las plataformas digitales. En tanto la familia Mercer es una de las principales financiadoras de The Heritage Foundation, junto a los hermanos Koch, que no sólo son los más ricos de Estados Unidos sino tienen más dinero que nadie en el mundo.
Los Koch financian la Red Atlas (Atlas Network), de la cual forma parte la Heritage y funciona como el ala derecha del Partido Republicano que defiende las ideas económicas de Milton Friedman. Es la misma escuela de Chicago que avaló los golpes de Estado en América Latina, desde Chile en 1973.
Friedman sostuvo hasta su muerte la teoría de que el Estado no debe existir y que los recursos naturales, como el petróleo de México en manos de una empresa pública como Pemex, no tiene por qué beneficiar al pueblo o a la ciudadanía, sino a empresas trasnacionales como Exxon, la cual tiene vínculos con esas mismas ricas familias estadounidenses, resume Macías.
 
A LA DERECHA DE LA DERECHA

Para entender lo que hace Atlas Network en América Latina, comenta el activista digital, hay dos personas clave: José María Aznar y Mario Vargas Llosa.
Como presidente del gobierno español, Aznar fue aliado en la segunda guerra del Golfo de George W. Bush, otro estadista capitalizado por La Fundación Heritage y socio de una empresa petrolera. La Heritage tiene como réplica en España a FAES, Fundación para el Análisis y los Estudios Sociales, ala derecha del Partido Popular. Y FAES es presidida por el propio Aznar.
Después de apoyar la gran mentira repetida por Fox News cuando no existían las redes sociales, de que había armas de destrucción masiva en Irak, Aznar fue premiado con un montón de cargos, entre ellos trabajar con un sueldo millonario para la empresa que lanzó el bulo: News Corp., la corporación de comunicación más importante del mundo, propiedad de Rupert Murdock.
Desde entonces Aznar es un activo de la geopolítica estadounidense, los intereses de Fox News y el Deep State (el Estado profundo), es decir, el gobierno oculto en los EEUU, al igual que Mario Vargas Llosa, presidente de otra organización que pertenece a la Red Atlas, la Fundación Internacional para la Libertad.
“A estos dos los vemos actuar en todos los golpes de Estado en América Latina”, subraya Macías. Golpes como el que dieron los militares contra Evo Morales en Bolivia o las recientes elecciones presidenciales de Perú, donde Vargas Llosa trató de influir a favor de Keiko Fujimori, hija del candidato que lo derrotó en las elecciones presidenciales de 1990.
El Nobel de Literatura naturalizado español no puede negar que, a los dos años de mandato, Alberto Fujimori se dio un autogolpe de Estado. Y menos que en el régimen de terror que siguió a ese autogolpe, tuvo un papel importante Vladimiro Montesinos, jefe de la policía política de Fujimori, protector de Laura Bozzo y personaje central en el libro de relatos de no ficción de Álvaro Vargas Llosa: En el reino del espanto (2000).
 
DINERO Y TALENTO

El segundo gran escándalo después de Cambridge Analytica se reveló, curiosamente, por un reporte de Facebook en septiembre de 2020. Un documento de la empresa de Mark Zuckerberg advirtió que una firma consultora de Estados Unidos llamada CLS Strategies, operaba noticias falsas con millones de dólares en publicidad en contra de los gobiernos de México, Venezuela y Bolivia.
“Evidentemente, esa empresa CLS ha operado en muchos más sitios, pero le pillaron usando cuentas falsas e invirtiendo dinero en noticias falsas particularmente en esos tres países”.
Más curioso es que las dos personas a las que corrieron como usuarios de Facebook por operar cuentas como Tumbaburros, que sirve lo mismo al PAN en México que a Vox en España, sean Juan Cortiñas y Mark Feierstein.
Este último fue director de la USAID en la etapa de Obama y, antes con Clinton, funcionario de la OEA. Otro presidente demócrata, Biden, volvió a colocar a Feierstein como el principal asesor de la USAID en la cooperación internacional de Estados Unidos con América Latina, no obstante ser básicamente un golpista.
CLS Strategies, dice Macías, tiene claras y públicas vinculaciones con la USAID y la OEA. Con cuentas falsas, la firma trabajó para limpiar la imagen del gobierno de Jeanine Áñez en Bolivia, tras haber promovido el derrocamiento de Evo Morales. En Venezuela, CLS apoyó a líderes de la oposición a Nicolás Maduro como Juan Guaidó y Henrique Capriles. Colaboró con organizaciones como Atlantic Council y Atlas Network, para deponer a Fernando Lugo en Paraguay y a Manuel Zelaya en Honduras. También maniobró para fortalecer la figura de Enrique Peña Nieto tras las elecciones fraudulentas de 2012, y alimentar la posterior campaña contra Pemex que culminaría con la reforma energética.
Otro ejecutivo de CLS Strategies que también fue funcionario de la OEA pero éste nombrado por los republicanos, es Roger Noriega, a quien se le ve en muchas fotos con Mark Feierstein. Noriega firmó la Carta de Madrid, mediante la cual Vox, el partido de ultraderecha español, está tejiendo una red golpista en toda América Latina con un discurso claramente homófobo, machista, xenófobo y contra todos los avances en derechos humanos que hemos tenido.
En la parte económica, esta red de derecha reivindica los principios de Milton Friedman de no pagar impuestos, que no haya servicios públicos y que cada uno se busque la vida, pague su educación, gestione su sanidad y ahorre para su pensión. El modelo neoliberal.
La extrema derecha en A. L. tiene además este componente ultracatólico vinculada a El Yunque y los Legionarios de Cristo, que es una organización financiado por familias con mucho dinero tanto en México como en España.
Esta ultraderecha financia a gente con talento para que defienda sus intereses e imponga su agenda: que los ricos no paguen impuestos y se queden con la riquezas de nuestros países.
Tales organizaciones defienden valores ultracatólicos que ya ni el Papa sostiene. Están en contra de los derechos de las mujeres y del colectivo LGBT; del matrimonio igualitario, el aborto y la eutanasia.
Recaudan mucho dinero para pagar a periodistas, medios de comunicación, influencers, artistas y políticos con la disposición y el talento para defender sus ideas.
 
FOLLOW THE MONEY

Macías subraya que la extrema derecha es una amenaza para la democracia muy bien estructurada:
Atlas Network tiene más de quinientas fundaciones que están incluso en contra de los valores cristianos, al cultivar la mentira y ensañarse con los más débiles.
En distintos momentos, además, han hecho uso de dinero público siguiendo los valores de la CIA que financió, por ejemplo, la Operación Cóndor.
A su vez, los partners de Facebook que difunden noticias falsas están financiados por la NED, The National Endowment for Democracy (Fundación Nacional para la Democracia) que depende de la USAID, la misma que dice si una cosa es verdad o mentira en función de los intereses de quien paga.
“Lo que yo hago en mis análisis es seguir el dinero, y siempre aparecen las mismas personas” vinculadas a estos ataques con mentiras y odio en contra de los gobiernos progresistas, resume Julián Macías.

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